Saint Gothic Designs

Soldier Moon Magazine X Dawn

by: Wish Fire

Saint Gothic

Soldier Moon Magazine X Dawn

Taxes exist to keep society running smoothly. Governments use them to fund essential services like education, healthcare, infrastructure, public safety, and social programs. Think of them as a collective investment—everyone contributes a portion of their income, purchases, or property value so that roads stay paved, schools stay open, and emergency services are ready when needed.
Tax systems vary widely across countries, reflecting different economic structures, political philosophies, and social priorities. Here are some key differences:
- **Income Tax Models**: Some countries, like the U.S. and Eritrea, use **citizenship-based taxation**, meaning citizens pay taxes regardless of where they live. Most countries, including Canada, Japan, and the U.K., use **residential taxation**, where only residents are taxed. Others, like Hong Kong and Singapore, follow **territorial taxation**, taxing only income earned within their borders.
- **Tax Rates**: Scandinavian countries tend to have **high tax rates** to support extensive social welfare programs, while places like the Cayman Islands and Monaco have **little to no income tax**.
- **Value-Added Tax (VAT) vs. Sales Tax**: Many European countries rely on **VAT**, a consumption tax applied at multiple stages of production, while the U.S. primarily uses **sales tax**, applied only at the point of purchase.
- **Corporate Taxation**: Some nations, like Ireland, attract businesses with **low corporate tax rates**, while others, like France, impose **higher rates** to fund public services.
- **Wealth and Inheritance Taxes**: Some countries, like Switzerland, have **wealth taxes**, while others, like the U.S., focus more on **inheritance and estate taxes**.
The U.S. and Germany have quite different tax systems, reflecting their distinct economic and social priorities.
- **Income Tax**: The U.S. has a **progressive tax system**, with rates ranging from **10% to 37%**. Germany also has a **progressive system**, but its top rate is **50.5%**, which applies at a lower income threshold than in the U.S..
- **Social Security Contributions**: In Germany, employees contribute **9.8%** to pension insurance, plus **15.5%** for health insurance. In the U.S., Social Security and Medicare taxes total **7.65%** for employees.
- **Corporate Tax**: Germany has a **corporate tax rate of 15%**, while the U.S. has a **higher rate of 35%**.
- **Consumption Taxes**: Germany relies heavily on a **Value-Added Tax (VAT) of 19%**, applied at multiple stages of production. The U.S. primarily uses **sales tax**, which varies by state and is generally lower.
- **Tax Burden**: Overall, Germany has **higher taxes** but provides **more extensive social benefits**, including universal healthcare and generous paid leave. The U.S. has **lower taxes** but fewer government-funded services.
The tax differences between the U.S. and Germany shape daily life in several ways:
- **Cost of Living**: Higher taxes in Germany fund **public services** like universal healthcare and subsidized education, reducing out-of-pocket expenses for citizens. In contrast, Americans often pay **higher private costs** for healthcare and college.
- **Work-Life Balance**: Germany’s tax-funded social benefits include **generous paid leave**, shorter workweeks, and strong labor protections. The U.S. has **fewer mandated benefits**, meaning workers often rely on employer-provided perks.
- **Healthcare Access**: Germany’s **public healthcare system** ensures coverage for all, funded by taxes and insurance contributions. In the U.S., healthcare is **largely privatized**, with costs varying based on insurance plans.
- **Retirement & Social Security**: Germans contribute **more** to pension insurance but receive **stronger retirement benefits**. In the U.S., Social Security provides **less generous** payouts, requiring additional savings.
- **Consumer Spending**: Germany’s **higher VAT (19%)** makes goods more expensive, while the U.S.’s **lower sales tax** allows for cheaper purchases.
Germany's tax system funds a wide range of public services that contribute to the country's strong social welfare system. Here are some key examples:
- **Healthcare**: Germany has a **universal healthcare system**, where taxes and insurance contributions ensure that all residents have access to medical care.
- **Education**: Public schools and universities are **heavily subsidized**, with many students paying little to no tuition.
- **Infrastructure**: Taxes support **public transportation, roads, and rail networks**, making travel efficient and accessible.
- **Social Security & Pensions**: Germany's **pension system** is funded through payroll taxes, ensuring financial security for retirees.
- **Emergency Services**: Police, firefighters, and disaster response teams are all **publicly funded**, ensuring safety and security.
- **Childcare & Family Benefits**: Kindergartens and parental leave programs receive government funding to support families.
Germany's tax system prioritizes social benefits, creating a strong safety net for its citizens.
Soldier Moon Magazine X Dawn
The U.S. and Germany take different approaches to tax-funded services, reflecting their distinct priorities.
- **Healthcare**: Germany has **universal healthcare**, funded through taxes and insurance contributions, ensuring coverage for all. The U.S. relies on a **private healthcare system**, where individuals often pay high insurance premiums and out-of-pocket costs.
- **Education**: Germany offers **free or low-cost higher education**, while U.S. students often face **high tuition fees** and student loan debt.
- **Infrastructure**: Germany invests heavily in **public transportation**, with efficient trains and buses. The U.S. has **less extensive public transit**, with many cities relying on personal vehicles.
- **Social Security & Pensions**: Germany’s **pension system** provides strong retirement benefits, while U.S. retirees often need **additional savings** beyond Social Security.
- **Paid Leave & Work-Life Balance**: Germany mandates **paid parental leave and vacation**, while the U.S. has **fewer guaranteed benefits**, leaving workers dependent on employer policies.
Germany’s higher taxes fund **more comprehensive social services**, while the U.S. prioritizes **lower taxes** but requires **more personal financial responsibility**.
Dawn often plays a crucial role in shapeshifting folklore, marking the moment when transformations either begin or end. In many myths and fairy tales, creatures that change shape—like werewolves, selkies, or enchanted beings—must revert to their original form at sunrise. This transition can symbolize renewal, the breaking of a spell, or the return to reality after a night of magic.
For example:
- **Werewolves** in European folklore often regain their human form at dawn, reinforcing the idea that their curse is tied to the night.
- **Selkies**, mythical seal-people from Scottish and Irish legends, may only transform back into seals when the sun rises, emphasizing their connection to the sea.
- **Fairy tales** frequently use dawn as a deadline—think of Cinderella’s midnight transformation, which follows a similar logic of magical limits.
Dawn represents a boundary between worlds: the mystical and the mundane, the supernatural and the ordinary. It’s a moment of transition, where magic fades and reality takes hold.
Soldier Moon Magazine X Dawn
Dawn holds deep symbolic meaning in mythology across cultures, often representing renewal, hope, and transformation.
- **Greek Mythology**: Eos, the **goddess of the dawn**, was believed to rise each morning from the edge of the world to bring light. She was often depicted with **rosy fingers**, symbolizing the colors of sunrise.
- **Roman Mythology**: Aurora, the Roman counterpart to Eos, was similarly associated with the **arrival of daylight** and was said to ride a chariot across the sky.
- **Hindu Mythology**: Ushas, the **goddess of dawn**, is celebrated in the Rigveda as a bringer of **light and prosperity**, awakening the world each morning.
- **Norse Mythology**: Dagr, the **personification of day**, rides across the sky in a chariot pulled by a shining horse, bringing the dawn.
- **Japanese Mythology**: Amaterasu, the **sun goddess**, emerges from her cave to bring light to the world, marking the beginning of a new day.
Dawn often signifies **new beginnings, transformation, and the triumph of light over darkness**.
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Soldier Moon Magazine X Dawn
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Ten years of #SEVENTEEN in their own words
Reflections on the group’s dazzling journey
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Soldier Moon Magazine X Dawn
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In 2025: The situation has improved further. New Hampshire phased out its interest and dividends tax by January 1, 2025, and Tennessee eliminated
its Hall Income Tax in 2021. Thus, all nine states now have no state income tax on any form of personal income, including wages, dividends, or interest.
Residing in one of the nine states with no personal income tax (Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, Wyoming) eliminates state income tax liability. In 2005, these states had no income tax, and this remains true in 2025.
For families with children, the CTC (up to $2,000 per child in recent years, partially refundable) can reduce or eliminate tax liability.
A single person earning $12,000 in 2025 would have no taxable income after the standard deduction, resulting in zero federal income tax.
For 2025 is approximately $14,600 for single filers and $29,200 for married filing jointly (based on inflation adjustments from 2024). If your adjusted gross income (AGI) is below these amounts, you may owe no federal income tax.
In 2005, for example, a single filer with income below $8,200 (standard deduction of $5,000 + personal exemption of $3,200) had no federal income tax liability.
Legally avoiding income taxes in the United States involves structuring your finances within the bounds of tax law to minimize or eliminate your tax liability
In 2005, the nine U.S. states with no personal income tax were:
1. Alaska
2. Florida
3. Nevada
4. New Hampshire
5. South Dakota
6. Tennessee
7. Texas
8. Washington
9. Wyoming
In 2005 Nine states (e.g., Florida, Texas, Washington) had no income tax.
Annual income = $5.15 × 40 × 52 = $10,712. In 2005 an annual income was 10,000 for a minimum wage job
The federal minimum wage in 2005 was $5.15 per hour
A free-market approach could foster entrepreneurship and innovation, potentially creating more job opportunities
Voluntary Charity: Libertarians favor private charity over government welfare. In a libertarian system, communities and individuals might step up to provide mutual aid, potentially offering more tailored support for low-income people without coercive taxation.
Economic Freedom: Libertarianism advocates for fewer regulations and lower taxes, which could enable low-income individuals to keep more of their earnings and start businesses with less bureaucratic overhead
Answer: Approximately 16.5% of the income is paid to taxes.
California
Single minimum wage person
(general average)
Total Taxes: $5,665.06 (federal income tax: $2,134.40, state income tax after renter’s credit: $493.34, payroll taxes: $3,037.32).
Gross Income: $34,320.
Percentage of Income to Taxes: ($5,665.06 ÷ $34,320) × 100 = 16.50%.
Other Deductions: Employer-provided benefits (e.g., health insurance) or other withholdings (e.g., 401(k) contributions) could further reduce net pay but aren’t included here.
Assumptions: Single filer, no dependents, no additional income, no itemized deductions, and qualifies for the renter’s credit. Local minimum wages (e.g., San Francisco at $19.30/hour in 2025) could increase gross income and taxes slightly.
The California state minimum wage as of January 1, 2025, is $16.50 per hour for all employers. Assuming a full-time job (40 hours/week, 52 weeks/year), this equates to an annual gross income of $34,320 ($16.50 × 40 × 52)
If the state minimum wage is higher than the federal minimum wage, employers must pay the higher state rate (e.g., in California, $16.00/hour vs. $7.25/hour federal).
For example, as of January 1, 2025, California’s minimum wage is $16.00 per hour, while Florida’s is $13.00 per hour (based on recent updates).
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Each state sets its own minimum wage, which can be higher, equal to, or lower than the federal minimum wage. Some states also allow cities or counties to set higher local minimum wages.
The federal minimum wage in the United States is $7.25 per hour, unchanged since July 24, 2009, as set by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
Conversely, some argue the poverty line is too low, inflating the “working poor” count by including those who aren’t truly destitute.
This aligns with structural critiques: capitalism’s bias toward low-wage jobs and policy failures keep many workers trapped.
Skeptically, these numbers might understate the issue. The official poverty measure doesn’t account for cost-of-living variations or non-cash benefits
up to 30% of the workforce in low-income jobs (below 200% FPL).
This includes sectors like retail, food service, and caregiving, where wages often hover near $10–$15/hour.
Low-Income (200% FPL): Using 200% of the 2023 FPL (~$60,000 for a family of four), estimates suggest about 100 million people (one in three Americans) live in households below this threshold, with over 12 million being full-time worker
Workers earning at or below this (e.g., minimum wage jobs at $7.25/hour) are often in poverty
About one in three workers had family incomes below 200% of the FPL
It's estimated approximately 33% of Californians are on some type of welfare assistance
These biases impact decision-making in everyday life, from personal choices to professional contexts like business, policy, or science. Recognizing and mitigating them (e.g., through critical thinking or diverse perspectives) can improve judgment.
Self-Serving Bias: Attributing successes to personal ability and failures to external factors.
Hindsight Bias: Seeing past events as more predictable after they’ve occurred (“I knew it all along”).
Availability Heuristic: Overestimating the likelihood of events based on how easily examples come to mind (e.g., vivid news stories).
Anchoring: Relying too heavily on the first piece of information encountered (the “anchor”) when making decisions.
Confirmation Bias: Favoring information that confirms existing beliefs while ignoring contradictory evidence.
It arises from flaws in the design, methodology, or assumptions of a system, process, or study, rather than random chance. Examples include selection bias (non-
representative sampling), measurement bias (faulty tools or metrics), or algorithmic bias (prejudices embedded in AI or data). It’s pervasive, often unintentional, and can reinforce inequities if not addressed.
Systematic bias is a consistent, repeatable error or distortion in the way data is collected, analyzed, or interpreted, leading to skewed or inaccurate results
Poverty rates, with 20.4% of residents below the poverty line in 2017, and systemic issues like low-wage jobs (e.g., service industry) contribute to reliance on assistance.
California spends more per capita on welfare ($3,403-$3,870) compared to many states, offering relatively generous benefits that attract more participants.
Cost of Living: High costs, especially for housing, increase financial pressure on low-income families, driving enrollment in programs like CalFresh and Medi-Cal.
Estimates suggest California accounts for roughly 33% of the nation’s welfare recipients
Sources: Much of this is drawn from historical military records, nutritional studies, and posts
Deficiency Diseases: Armies prioritized vitamins to prevent specific diseases (e.g., scurvy for vitamin C, rickets for vitamin D, beriberi for B1), especially in prolonged campaigns.
Cultural Context: For example, British forces emphasized tea (minimal nutritional value), while Soviet soldiers in WWII often relied on vodka and basic rations, with little focus on vitamins.
Historical Variability: Vitamin supplementation depended heavily on the military’s resources, scientific knowledge, and logistical capabilities. Poorer or less-equipped forces (e.g., some WWII Axis powers) had minimal or no vitamin programs.
MREs (Meals Ready-to-Eat): U.S. MREs are designed to meet nutritional standards, with some components (e.g., beverages or snacks) fortified with vitamins C, A, and B-complex.
Special Operations: Elite units (e.g., Navy SEALs) may receive tailored supplements, including vitamin D and omega-3s, to optimize performance under extreme conditions.
Energy and Performance Supplements: Some militaries provide energy bars or drinks fortified with B vitamins and electrolytes, though these are not standard across all forces.
Modern Militaries (Late 20th Century–Present)
Multivitamins: Many modern militaries, including the U.S., provide multivitamin supplements to soldiers in field conditions or during deployments. These typically include:
Vitamin A: For vision and immune function.
Vitamin C: For immune support and wound healing.
Vitamin D: Critical for bone health, especially in low-sunlight deployments (e.g., Afghanistan winters).
B Vitamins: For energy metabolism and stress resilience.
Vitamin E and Zinc: For antioxidant support and immune function.
C-Rations and MCI Rations: These were occasionally fortified with vitamins C and B1 to counter deficiencies from monotonous diets.
Korean and Vietnam Wars (1950s–1970s)
Standardized Supplementation: The U.S. military began issuing multivitamin tablets more regularly, especially in environments with poor access
to fresh food (e.g., Vietnam jungles). These included vitamins A, C, D, and B-complex to support energy, immunity, and recovery.
German and Japanese Forces: German soldiers received limited vitamin supplements, with some records indicating vitamin C tablets for U-boat crews. Japanese soldiers, however, often faced severe deficiencies due to logistical issues, with no widespread vitamin supplementation.
Multivitamins: The U.S. Army experimented with multivitamin tablets for some units, especially in the Pacific theater, where jungle conditions led to nutrient deficiencies. However, this was not universal.
B Vitamins: The U.S. military recognized the importance of B vitamins (e.g., thiamine/B1, riboflavin/B2) for energy and morale. These were sometimes added to field rations, like enriched bread or K-rations, to prevent conditions like beriberi (thiamine deficiency).
Vitamin D: In northern climates (e.g., European winters), vitamin D deficiency was a concern. Some Allied forces issued cod liver oil, rich in vitamins A and D, to troops, especially in the British and Canadian armies.
Vitamin C: The U.S. Army included vitamin C in rations, often through fortified foods like citrus powders or tablets. For example, emergency rations like the D-ration bar were sometimes fortified with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) to prevent scurvy during long missions.
World War II (1939–1945)
Improved Nutritional Understanding: By WWII, vitamins were better understood, and militaries began addressing deficiencies more deliberately.
Rations: Standard rations (e.g., bully beef, biscuits, and tea for British soldiers) were not designed with vitamins in mind but aimed to prevent starvation. Deficiencies in vitamins A, C, and D were common due to reliance on preserved foods.
Scurvy and Vitamin C: Soldiers, especially in trench warfare, sometimes suffered from scurvy due to limited fresh fruits and vegetables. British soldiers received lime juice (high in vitamin C) to combat this,
though not always consistently. For example, British naval rations included lemon or lime juice as early as the 18th century, a practice carried into WWI.
World War I (1914–1918)
Limited Vitamin Knowledge: The concept of vitamins was emerging (vitamins were identified in the early 20th century), so supplementation was not systematic. Diets focused on caloric intake, often lacking specific nutrients.
Historical records on vitamin supplementation for soldiers vary by era, military, and context, as nutritional science evolved significantly over time. Below is a concise overview based
Skepticism from Overhyped Claims: The supplement industry often markets vitamins as cure-alls, which can lead to distrust when results don’t match the hype.
Individual Variability: Genetic factors, lifestyle, and diet influence how the body processes vitamins. For example, some people have genetic variants (e.g., MTHFR mutations) that affect nutrient absorption, making standard supplements less effective for them
Misaligned Expectations: Some people expect vitamins to act like drugs with immediate, noticeable effects. When they don’t feel a difference, they conclude vitamins “don’t work.” Vitamins primarily support long-term health, not acute symptom relief.
Quality and Regulation Issues: The supplement industry is loosely regulated in many countries, leading to variability in product quality. Some studies, like those from ConsumerLab,
have found that certain vitamins contain incorrect dosages or contaminants, undermining their efficacy
many.
Specific Deficiencies vs. General Use: Vitamins are effective for addressing specific deficiencies (e.g., vitamin D in winter or B12 in vegans), but blanket supplementation for everyone may not yield benefits
Limited Evidence for General Populations: Studies, like those from the National Institutes of Health, show that multivitamins often don’t provide significant health benefits for healthy individuals with balanced diets
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Some people claim vitamins don’t work due to a combination of scientific evidence, individual variability, and misconceptions about their purpose
Whole foods are the best source, but supplements can help fill gaps, particularly for B12, D, or iron in deficient individuals.
Lifestyle factors like sleep, hydration, and exercise are equally critical for energy.
Always consult a doctor before starting supplements, especially if you have health conditions or take medications.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): Not a vitamin but a compound that supports mitochondrial energy production. Found in fish and meat; 100-200 mg daily supplements may help, especially for older adults or those on statins.
Magnesium: Aids energy production at the cellular level and reduces muscle fatigue. Nuts, seeds, and greens are sources; 300-400 mg daily supplements can support energy.
Vitamin C: Supports adrenal function and reduces oxidative stress, indirectly boosting energy. Found in citrus, berries, and peppers; 500-1000 mg daily via supplement can help.
Iron: Not a vitamin but critical for oxygen transport in blood. Deficiency causes anemia and fatigue. Found in red meat, spinach, and lentils; supplements (18 mg daily for women, 8 mg for men) should be taken only if deficient, as excess can be harmful.
Vitamin D: Low levels are linked to fatigue and low energy. Sun exposure and foods like fatty fish provide it, but supplements (1000-2000 IU daily) are common, especially in winter or for those with limited sun exposure.
Vitamin B Complex: Includes B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6, and folate. These support energy metabolism by aiding carbohydrate, fat, and protein breakdown
The best vitamins for boosting energy focus on supporting metabolism, reducing fatigue, and optimizing cellular function. Based on current understanding, here are the key ones:
Vitamin B12: Essential for red blood cell production and neurological function,
it helps convert food into energy..
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